Improvement in car-heaters



L. J. F. LEMEUNIER & C. A. MARTIN.

' CAR-HEATER.

No.171,826. Patened Ja.n.4 ,1876..

N- PETERS, PNOTDJJTHOGRAPHEH. WASHINGTON, D.'C.

- U ITED STATES PATEN OFFICE.

LoUIs JEAN FRANQOIS LEMEUNIER AND CHARLES ALFRED MARTIN, OF

' PA Is, FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT m CAR-HEATERS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 171,826, dated January 4, 1876; application filed November 30, 1874.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, LOUIS JEAN FRAN- Q( as LEMEUNIER and OHARLEs ALFRED MAR- TIN, of Paris, France, have invented certain improvements in heating railway-carriages, prisons, public buildings, apartments, greenhouses, vand winter-gardens by a combination of hot water and hot air, of which the following is aspecification:

The object of this invention is-the warming, heating, and ventilating of railway-carriages, public buildings, apartments, prisons. green houses, wintergardens, &c., by the combination of hot air and hot water.

in the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents the system as applied to a thirdclass railway-carriage, and Fig. 2 is a plan of the arrangement of the heating apparatus.

In each compartment of the carriage a heater constructed on our system is placed. a case or envelope, at, of cast-iron, copper, or galvanized sheetiron, and bearing inside, by aid of supports arranged at certain distances, at second case, b, of smaller dimensions. These two cases leave between them a perfectly water-tight space, in which a current of hot water circulates.

The hot water is supplied either from a boiler of some sort, 0, placed either inside or outside the carriage, or it may be supplied from theengine or the train, or by any suitable means.

The hot water reaches the farthest heater by the pipe (I, and distributes itself in the other heaters by the tubes ff, always arranged so as to cause the hot water to pass lengthwise through the heaters. This hot water, which gradually cools, returns to the boiler c to be reheated, and repasses the pipe d.

The internal 1; case is in constant communication with the outer air by the vertical pipes g g, or air-entries, which descend beneath the flooring ot' the carriage. Air-holes h h allow the hot air, heated by the hot water, to escape.

By this method an energetic and economical heating is effected, which can be regulated at will.

The circulation of the hot Water and the continuous supply of cold air, which is warmed before spreading itself in the carriage, produce a healthy ventilation, and obviate the drawbacks inherent to other systems.

It is The warmers a are placed directly on the floor of the carriage, and a plank on each side of the warmer conceals its projection.

Fig. 3 is a- Inodification of the warmer to adapt it to heating prisons, public buildings, winter-gardens, green-houses, &c.; and Fig. 4is a part plan of the method of heating prisons.

The interior case b, of the same length as the envelope a, is inclined, and shows the airentries b and the hot-air exits b Two successive warmers are united by piping, to which pipes e are connected, as well as to toe warmers themselves, which .pipes conduct the water to the warmers a or, arranged in each of the cells or chambers of the prisoners.

f is the conduit which receives the cold air,-

and which leads it to the boiler c.

1' r are taps, which are closed when it is not desired to heat such and such chambers or cells, or when they should be more or less warmed.

This mode of heating continually renews the air, and is very practicable and advantageous for green-houses andwinter-gardens, where it is often required for more or less heating the compartments in which plants of different natures are placed.

For heating apartments hot air is produced by arranging two rows of heaters without internal cases-one upper one, in which the hot water arrives, and the other lower, by which the cooled air is returned to the boiler. The space between the two rows serves for the circulation of air given from the air-holes, and which spreads itself when heated in the apartment.

Finally, we claim as our invention The combination, with the heaters a, provided with air-spaces b, communicating with the outer air at one end by means of tubes 9, and with the interior of the car at the other by means of openings h, the tubes 01 and f, and the boiler 0, constructed and arranged to operate substantially as described.

L. J. F. LRMEUNIER. o. A. MARTIN.

Witnesses A. BLE'TRY, (J. BLRTRY. 

